Structured CBT Intervention for Low Self-Esteem: A Case Study on the Impact of Social Appraisal

Abstract

This study explored the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in improving self-esteem in a female first-year university student experiencing persistent self-doubt and social withdrawal. The intervention was prompted by the subject’s frequent negative self-evaluations, largely influenced by social comparison, socioeconomic background, and academic adjustment difficulties. A structured six-session CBT program was conducted, focusing on identifying automatic negative thoughts, applying cognitive restructuring, practicing positive affirmations, and engaging in self-evaluation. Data were collected through observations, interviews, projective tests, and the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale administered pre and post intervention. Results indicated a significant increase in the subject’s self-esteem score, supported by behavioral changes such as improved classroom participation and interpersonal confidence. These findings suggest that CBT can be effective in addressing low self-esteem when adapted to account for individual sociocultural factors and internal belief patterns. The case highlights the value of integrating cognitive techniques with personal meaning-making to support psychological well-being in university students.