Reference Management
JACOBS uses the American Psychological Association (APA) style, 7th edition, for citations and references. Authors must manage their references with a reference manager so that citations and the reference list are consistent and complete.
Reference Management Software
| Software | How to apply APA 7th edition |
|---|---|
| Mendeley Reference Manager | Install Mendeley Cite for Microsoft Word, open the Citation Style menu, and select American Psychological Association 7th edition. |
| Zotero | Install the Zotero Word plugin, click Document Preferences, and select American Psychological Association 7th edition. |
| EndNote | In the EndNote tab in Word, choose APA 7th from the style list. |
Do not convert citations to plain text until after acceptance, when the copyeditor will advise you.
General Rules
- Every source cited in the text must appear in the reference list, and every entry in the reference list must be cited in the text.
- At least 80% of the references should be primary sources (peer-reviewed journal articles) published within the last ten years. Classic theoretical sources are acceptable when relevant.
- Provide the DOI for every source that has one, written as a URL: https://doi.org/10.xxxx/xxxxx.
- Cite the original source rather than secondary citations whenever possible.
- Avoid citing Wikipedia, personal blogs, lecture notes, and unpublished student papers. Theses and dissertations may be cited sparingly when available in a repository.
- For sources not in English, keep the original title and add an English translation in square brackets.
- Self-citation must be relevant to the work and should not exceed 15% of the references. Citation manipulation, including excessive self-citation, citation stacking, and citations requested in exchange for publication, is treated as misconduct.
In-Text Citations
| Case | Parenthetical | Narrative |
|---|---|---|
| One author | (Author, 2023) | Author (2023) |
| Two authors | (Author & Author, 2023) | Author and Author (2023) |
| Three or more authors | (Author et al., 2023) | Author et al. (2023) |
| Group author | (World Health Organization [WHO], 2022), then (WHO, 2022) | World Health Organization (WHO, 2022) |
| Multiple works | (Author, 2021; Author & Author, 2023) | - |
| Direct quotation | (Author, 2023, p. 15) | Author (2023) noted that "..." (p. 15) |
Reference List Formats
| Source type | APA 7th edition format |
|---|---|
| Journal article | Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (Year). Title of the article in sentence case. Journal Name in Title Case, Volume(Issue), page–page. https://doi.org/xx.xxxx/xxxxx |
| Book | Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the book in sentence case (ed.). Publisher. https://doi.org/xx.xxxx |
| Chapter in an edited book | Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the chapter. In E. E. Editor (Ed.), Title of the book (pp. xx–xx). Publisher. https://doi.org/xx.xxxx |
| Thesis or dissertation | Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the dissertation [Doctoral dissertation, Name of Institution]. Repository Name. URL |
| Conference paper | Author, A. A. (Year, Month Day–Day). Title of the paper [Paper presentation]. Name of Conference, City, Country. URL |
| Psychological test | Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the test (ed.) [Measurement instrument]. Publisher. URL |
| Data set | Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the data set (Version x) [Data set]. Publisher or Repository. https://doi.org/xx.xxxx |
| Preprint | Author, A. A. (Year). Title of the preprint [Preprint]. Repository Name. https://doi.org/xx.xxxx |
| Webpage or report | Organization. (Year, Month Day). Title of the page or report. Site Name. URL |
| Regulation (Indonesia) | Title of the regulation in Indonesian [English translation]. (Year). URL |
Examples
American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1037/0000165-000
Beck, J. S. (2021). Cognitive behavior therapy: Basics and beyond (3rd ed.). Guilford Press.
Hofmann, S. G., Asnaani, A., Vonk, I. J. J., Sawyer, A. T., & Fang, A. (2012). The efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy: A review of meta-analyses. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 36(5), 427–440. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-012-9476-1
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., … Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372, n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
References are listed alphabetically by the surname of the first author, with a hanging indent of 1.27 cm. For works with 21 or more authors, list the first 19, insert an ellipsis, and add the final author's name.
