Near the Ceiling: Perceived Parental Involvement and Academic Self Efficacy among Adolescents in Jambi City, Indonesia
Keywords:
Keterlibatan orang tua, akademik self-efficacy, remaja, korelasi, Kota JambiAbstract
Academic self efficacy is a proximal determinant of how adolescents respond to academic demands, and social cognitive theory identifies parents as key sources of efficacy information. However, direct evidence based on adolescents' own perceptions of parental involvement remains scarce outside university, Chinese, and Western samples. This study examined the association between perceived parental involvement and academic self efficacy among adolescents in Jambi City, Indonesia. A cross sectional correlational survey was conducted with 113 junior high, senior high, and vocational school students aged 12 to 19 years who were recruited through purposive sampling. Participants completed adapted versions of the Perceived Parental School Support scale and the Academic Self Efficacy Scale. Because both score distributions deviated markedly from normality, Spearman's rank correlation was used. Perceived parental involvement was positively and moderately associated with academic self efficacy (ρ = .37, 95% CI [.19, .52], p < .001). Involvement scores clustered near the scale maximum, revealing a ceiling effect that restricted variance and probably attenuated the observed association. The findings indicate that adolescents' perceptions of parental support are meaningfully linked to their academic confidence and underscore the need for more discriminating measures and for longitudinal designs that test mediating mechanisms.
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